Lub ntsej muag ntoo hauv pem teb nrog cov vuas, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv, kev npaj thiab teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev teeb tsa txheej. Kev ntim cov vuas rau hauv pem teb ntoo yog qhov ua tau tiav, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias lub hauv paus tsis haum rau cov tswv yim ib txwm hais txog kev ntseeg tau, vim ntoo tuaj yeem hloov nws cov duab nrog qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm li cas los xij, thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis niaj hnub twb tau daws qhov teeb meem no lawm. Koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas muab cov vuas tso rau hauv cov ntoo hauv tsev nrog lawv cov kev pab los ntawm peb cov khoom.
Muab cov ntoo thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke hauv tsev
Qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov ntoo hauv av yog qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho cov pobzeb tawv hauv nws. Vim nws cov qauv, ntoo zoo li nce hauv qhov ntim los ntawm cov dej noo ntau dhau, thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis los ntawm qhov tsis muaj.
Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab kev teeb tsa, cov ntoo hauv pem teb tshiab tau qis dua ob xyoos kom txog thaum nws siv nws qhov chaw. Lub sijhawm no thiab txawm tias tom qab lub sijhawm, muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv. Lawv muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov nplaum puag ntawm cov pobzeb cladding, cuam tshuam nws cov txheej txheem sib cog lus. Cov txheej txheem sab hauv no ua rau tawg thiab tawg ntawm cov vuas luaj ceramic.
Ib qho ntxiv, muaj peb qhov laj thawj ntxiv vim li cas coob leej neeg zam kev ua cov ntoo hauv tsev:
- Cov ntoo hauv paus ntawm cov plag tsev uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau hauv huab cua, uas ua rau nws rotting.
- Qhov ua kom ntev ntawm cov ntoo yog tsawg dua li ntawm cov khoom siv.
- Cov ntoo hauv tsev sov dua li cov vuas thiab zoo dua los taug kev.
Yog tias yog vim li cas rau nteg cov vuas ntawm ntoo tab sis pom, koj yuav tsum "rov sib haum" cov ntaub ntawv no, sib txawv hauv lawv cov qauv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov txheej ntub dej tshwj xeeb, uas yuav nqus tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntoo hauv tsev. Nws qhov chaw ywj pheej yuav ntsib lub hauv paus, thiab qhov nyuaj yuav ntsib lub pobzeb. Tsuas yog cov thev naus laus zis no yuav tso cai rau kev tso cov vuas zoo rau hauv pem teb ntoo.
Npaj cov subfloor rau tso cov vuas
Nws muaj peev xwm los npaj cov hauv paus ntoo rau ntsib nrog cov vuas luaj hauv pem teb yog tias hauv pem teb muaj hnub nyoog ntau dua ob xyoos thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev nqaim twb dhau los lawm. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum pib nrog kev kho dua ntawm cov ntoo hauv pem teb. Nws cov qauv tsim feem ntau suav nrog kab teeb, koom nrog thiab taug kev. Txawm hais tias sab nrauv nws zoo li tshiab, tsis khoov lossis creak, cov floorboards yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov kho. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom sab hauv.
Tom qab tshem cov plag tsev, koj yuav tsum xub ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov cav thiab kab teeb. Cov uas tau pib rot yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov tshiab. Yog tias cov cav tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter' los ntawm ib leeg, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab tso, tab sis nrog cov kauj ruam me me. Txwv tsis pub, lub hauv paus ntoo tuaj yeem khoov ntxiv los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov pobzeb npog thiab rhuav tshem nws.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov hauv paus ntoo hauv av yuav tsum raug tswj los ntawm qib tsev. Txhua qhov yuav tsum tau nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Cov ntaub qhwv tiaj tiaj ua los ntawm cov vuas tawg lossis cov cib tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov kab teeb.
Tom qab kev teeb tsa tiav, kab teeb thiab cov cav yuav tsum tau ntub nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau. Cov txheej txheem no tseem ceeb heev, txij li kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom ntoo hauv pem teb, thiab yog li kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej sab nrauv sab nrauv, nyob ntawm nws qhov zoo.
Thaum cov tshuaj daws qhuav, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov cav yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov av nplaum nthuav dav txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hauv pem teb yav tom ntej. Cov qib ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum yog ob peb centimeters qis dua saum toj ntawm lub cav. Qhov no yuav ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cua hauv qab txoj kev taug kev tom qab teeb tsa.
Cov plag tsev tshem tawm ua ntej rau kev tshuaj xyuas lub cav yuav tsum tau npaj rau rov siv dua. Tam sim no lawv yuav ua lub hauv paus ntoo rau tso cov vuas. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog tshem tawm txheej txheej xim qub los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm cov laug cam. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom ua rau lawv cov ntoo nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
Muaj peb txoj hauv kev xaiv los ntawm qhov uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke: cov tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg thiab cua sov. Hauv thawj kis, kev ntxuav yog ua tiav nrog txhuam, scrapers thiab ntawv xuab zeb. Hauv qhov thib ob - nrog kev ntxuav tshwj xeeb uas yaj cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish. Hauv qhov thib peb - nrog lub tshuab ziab plaub hau los ntawm cua sov thiab ua kom cov xim txheej muag muag, ua raws nws cov tshuab tshem tawm.
Tom qab ntxuav tas, cov laug cam yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab muab tso rau ntawm cov cav ntoo. Hauv qhov no, cov pob qij txha nthuav dav ntawm 3-5 hli yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm cov khoom siv ib leeg. Lawv muab qhov muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm ntawm cov khoom.
Kev ua kom nrawm hauv pem teb rau cov ntoo yog nqa tawm siv cov ntsia hlau ntoo galvanized. Nws raug nquahu kom ntswj ob lub hau ntswj rau hauv qhov kev lag luam loj, ib qho rau qhov zoo ib yam.
Yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov ua tsis zoo ntawm cov laug cam. Yog tias pom lub qhov los ntawm cov ntsia hlau qub lossis cov pob tawg tau pom, qhov chaw puas yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, thiab tom qab nws qhuav, tag nrho cov hauv paus ntoo yuav tsum tau muab qib nrog lub zom.
Hauv cov txheej txheem txhim kho cov plag tsev nyob ib puag ncig nws, koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm ib centimeter kev sib txawv, thiab tom qab ntawd lo nws nrog cov kua nplaum polymer, uas zoo li daim kab xev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, quav daim kab xev ib nrab thiab lo ib nrab ntawm nws hauv av, thiab lwm qhov ib nrab rau hauv qab ntawm phab ntsa. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas thov daim kab xev damper rau ntawm nws lub ntim.
Kev npaj ntawm cov ntoo hauv paus xaus nrog kev tsim cov txheej insulating ntawm nws saum npoo. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ntawm no. Nyob rau thawj rooj plaub, cov plag tsev yog coated nrog cov roj linseed lossis cov roj hmab impregnation, tom qab ntawd tam sim ntawd npog nrog cov xim pleev xim. Hauv qhov thib ob, daim ntawv parchment lossis ntawv waxed lossis yob rwb thaiv tsev bitumen tau muab tso rau nws.
Txheej txheej rau cov vuas
Tom qab kev teeb tsa thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov plank hauv av, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim txheej txheej nruab nrab ntawm nws, uas yuav nqus cov deformations ntawm txheej txheej thaum nws cov ntoo swells lossis shrinks vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo thiab huab cua kub. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los npaj cov txheej no.
Qhuav txheej txheej
Cov tshuaj no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau. Nws suav nrog tsim cov txheej txheem nruab nrab ntawm cov plywood uas tiv taus ya raws, nyob rau sab saum toj uas cov vuas luaj ceramic tuaj yeem tso tau.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txhawm rau plywood rau ntawm txoj kev taug kev. Ib qho ntawm lawv suav nrog kev teeb tsa kev txhawb nqa lossis kev lag luam lag luam nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov laug cam, uas tau npog nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog txhawm rau txhim kho hauv pem teb ntawm lub lawj uas muaj cov ntsia hlau txhawb hauv qab cov ntawv plywood. Koj tseem tuaj yeem yooj yim ntswj cov ntawv txiav plaub lub hlis ntawm cov plywood, OSB lossis cov phab ntsa ntub dej-tiv taus rau lub plag plag tsev.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa, plywood lossis lub hauv paus zoo sib xws yuav tsum tau xuab zeb, nws cov pob qij txha tau ntim nrog cov khoom sib khi thiab npog nrog cov primer.
Thaum tso cov vuas luaj ceramic rau ntawm cov plag tsev plywood, xaiv ob ntu tiv thaiv polyurethane nplaum, uas tsim kom muaj zog tab sis yoog tau thaub qab hauv qab. Cov cuab yeej no ntawm cov nplaum tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau rau qhov ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov kev co uas cov ntoo-ua vaj huam sib luag muaj.
Ntub dej txheej txheej
Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cement lossis polymer screed ntawm txheej txheej dej tsis qab ntawm cov ntoo hauv pem teb. Tsis zoo li cov screed ib txwm siv rau cov vuas luaj ceramic, xws li txheej txheej muaj cov tuab tuab vim qhov xav tau los txo qhov thauj khoom hauv pem teb. Nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem pab txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem tuab tuab tuab.
Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm "ntub" txheej rau cov vuas yog nws qhov kev cais tawm tag nrho los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev, uas yog, lub hauv paus tau ua raws li tus qauv "ntab hauv pem teb", uas muab rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov deformation sib txawv nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem thaiv thiab ib puag ncig lub qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm hauv pem teb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob.
Qhov kev tsim no tso cai rau kev txav me me ntawm cov ntoo hauv pem teb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub thaiv nyob ntawm ib puag ncig monolithic yuav tsis hnov cov kev txav no.
Lub ntsej muag hnyav yuav tsum muaj tuab li 30 hli. Nws yog qhov tsis xav kom txo nws, vim qhov no yuav txo nws txoj kev ntseeg tau. Cement screed tau npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cement, cov xuab zeb thiab cov yas ntxiv. Cov polymer muaj ob qhov sib xyaw ua ke polyurethane thiab iav dej.
Ua ntej nchuav ib qho ntawm lawv rau sab saum toj ntawm cov dej tsis tau tso rau ntawm txoj kev taug kev, koj yuav tsum tau ruaj ntseg cov hlau mesh nrog cov ntsia hlau. Kev nqis tes ua tom ntej yog ua raws li ib txwm muaj. Tom qab qib, txheej yuav tsum tau sab laug kom qhuav thiab tom qab ntawd ua ntej txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov nplaum rau cov nplais nplaum.
Leveling cov ntawv nplaum
Txoj hauv kev no los txhim kho lub hauv paus rau tso cov vuas ntawm cov ntoo hauv tsev yog qhov nrawm tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tiav. Nws cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau hauv gluing noo noo-resistant gypsum plasterboard nplooj ntawv rau cov npaj hauv pem teb ntawm cov laug cam.
Hauv qhov no, siv cov nplaum ob-tivthaiv polyurethane nplaum. Yog tias qhov nruj ntawm txheej txheej zoo li tsis txaus, koj tuaj yeem nteg txheej thib ob ntawm gypsum board rau saum. Txheej-los-txheej txheej ntawm cov ntawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kom lawv cov nqaws tsis sib thooj rau hauv txoj kab ntsug. Nws raug nquahu kom sau cov pob qij txha nruab nrab ntawm lawv nrog cov khoom sib khi, thiab tom qab ntawd kho qhov saum npoo nrog cov primer.
Raws li txhua qhov xwm txheej dhau los, lub hauv paus plasterboard yuav tsum ua raws li tus qauv "ntab pem teb". Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas tseem nyob ib puag ncig ntawm txheej txheej tom qab tso cov vuas yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov nplaum kaw, thiab tom qab ntawd kaw nrog cov laug cam.
Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj no rau kev npaj lub hauv paus rau cov pobzeb cladding yog cov lus qhia dav dav uas yuav xav tau kev txhim kho hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem kev teeb tsa ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw.
Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xaiv rau kev npaj cov txheej zoo li no. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv kev tsim qauv: tus neeg ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tsim kom tau ib hom "tais" txhav txhav rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntoo uas txav tau. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias txheej txheej nruab nrab damper tso cai rau cov ntoo hauv pem teb kom "ua pa" thiab, raws li qhov tsim nyog, txav mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, cov plank hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis cuam tshuam rau cov plag tsev, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau nws puas tsuaj.
Tshuab thev naus laus zis los txhim kho cov vuas ntawm cov ntoo hauv tsev
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum muaj daim kab xev ntsuas, xaum qhuav, qib tsev, xim tha xim, xyaum nrog cov khoom sib xyaw-txuas, pobzeb txiav tshuab, mos mos mos mos, daim txhuam cev, thais thiab rubber spatula.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov vuas rau hauv pem teb ntoo nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yuav tsum ua raws cov hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum khij lub hauv paus rau cov vuas. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txuas nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa sib txawv ntawm chav nyob nrog hauv pem teb nrog kab axial. Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog cov xim pleev xim. Lawv qhov kev sib tshuam yuav qhia qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm hauv pem teb.
- Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov cim, cov vuas yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom haum rau hauv pem teb, raws li lub hom phiaj xav tau. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm chav. Qhov no yuav piav qhia qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txiav cov vuas ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv pem teb nrog cov phab ntsa. Nws raug nquahu kom ua nws hauv cov chaw uas tsis pom zoo thaum xub thawj siab ib muag rau hauv pem teb. Piv txwv li, hauv qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis ze qhov qhib. Npaj cov nplais rau pruning ua ntej.
- Tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheej qhuav yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm hauv pem teb thiab cov nplais nplaum yuav tsum tau npaj, mob siab ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo rau qhov teeb meem no, nyob ntawm pob khoom sib xyaw. Cov kua nplaum ua kom tuab tuab sai, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua nws hauv ntu raws li qhov xav tau rau kev tso 1 m2 hauv pem teb.
- Thaum xaiv spatula rau faib cov nplaum sib xyaw rau saum npoo, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov loj ntawm nws cov hniav. Rau cov vuas loj, qhov siab ntawm ntug kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav tsum yog 8 hli, rau cov vuas me dua, lub tais yuav tsum qis dua.
- Tom qab siv cov kua nplaum, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov nplais thiab tso nws rau ntawm qhov chaw npog nrog qhov sib xyaw. Txoj hauv kev txuas ntxiv mus txhawm rau tso cov seem ntawm cov khoom sib dhos, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov yas faib ua kab hla mus rau qhov khoob ntawm lawv, uas tau tsim los tswj kom zoo ib yam dav ntawm txheej txheej.
- Kev teeb tsa ntawm txhua pobzeb yuav tsum raug tswj los ntawm qib tsev, ua kom ntseeg tau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom sib dhos hauv ib lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Txhua qhov tsis raug tuaj yeem kho ua ntej cov kua nplaum hauv qab cov vuas pib kho. Cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tau ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam sagging, thiab cov uas nthuav tawm dhau ntawm lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg nrog lub thoob.
- Tom qab tso tag nrho cov vuas luaj rau hauv pem teb ntoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov cladding nrog kev npaj txiav. Tom qab ua tiav kev teeb tsa, tawm hauv pem teb npog kom qhuav cov nplaum.
- Tom qab lub sijhawm faib, koj yuav tsum tau ntub cov nqaws ntawm cov vuas thiab sau lawv nrog fugue - cov sib xyaw ua ke. Nws tuaj yeem yog cement raws, polyurethane lossis epoxy raws. Cov cement grout yuav xav tau txheej txheej tsis muaj dej ntxiv ntawm silicone sealant los thov rau cov pob qij txha. Nws raug nquahu kom sau qhov khoob nruab nrab ntawm cov vuas nrog cov roj hmab spatula tom qab tshem cov ntoo khaub lig cais. Tom qab grouting, cov hauv ob sab phlu yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav los ntawm cov kab ntawm lub fugue nrog daim txhuam cev ntub.
Tseem ceeb! Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kua nplaum polyurethane ua cov nplaum rau tso cov vuas ntawm gypsum plasterboard lossis plywood, thiab thaum txhim kho nws ntawm lub ntsej muag, muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov cement. Yuav kho cov vuas luaj li cas hauv cov ntoo - saib cov vis dis aus:
Kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntsib lub ntsej muag ntoo yuav tiv thaiv nws cov ntoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj sab nrauv thiab lwj. Hauv qhov no, kev ncaj ncees ntawm txheej txheej ceramic yuav raug lees paub. Qhov no yuav ua kom nws ruaj khov thiab txuag tus tswv los ntawm kev kho tsis tau teem sijhawm.
