Xaws rau cov pib tshiab: yuav pib qhov twg?

Cov txheej txheem:

Xaws rau cov pib tshiab: yuav pib qhov twg?
Xaws rau cov pib tshiab: yuav pib qhov twg?
Anonim

Muaj kev paub ntau yam ntawm tes xaws, koj tuaj yeem pib xaws. Cov chav kawm yuav pab koj xaws hneev, khawm nws, khi txoj phuam, xub tsim cov khoom siv no. Txhua lub caij hnav khaub ncaws yog ib zaug pib. Yog tias koj xav ua hom kev xaws khaub ncaws no los ntawm kos, txheeb xyuas seb hom nqaws. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom yooj yim txhawm rau kom tau txais kev paub thiab ua khoom plig rau koj tus kheej lossis lwm tus nrog koj tus kheej tes.

Hom nqaws

Txawm hais tias koj tsis muaj tshuab xaws tsis tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim yam khoom siv rab koob thiab xov. Xuas tes yooj yim xaws ua ntej, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv txiav los kho koj daim.

Ntau hom nqaws
Ntau hom nqaws

Cov hlua khi yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws, nws tau siv rau kev koom ua ntej ntawm ntu.

Basting nqaws
Basting nqaws
  1. Yog koj hais rau koj tus kheej, "Kuv xav xaws, kuv yuav pib qhov twg?" - xov ntawd rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm rab koob. Tam sim no khi ib txoj hlua rau nws yog tias koj xaws hauv ib txoj xov. Tab sis rau cov pib tshiab, nws yooj yim dua pib nrog ob txoj hlua kom thiaj li tsis ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txuas qhov kawg ntawm cov xov, kho lawv, ua ib lub pob caus.
  2. Khaws cov ntaub los ntawm qhov tsis raug nrog qhov taub ntawm rab koob, nqa cov cuab yeej mus rau sab xis, rub nws kom lub pob nyob ntawm qhov tsis raug. Nrog rau 7 hli rov qab, thawb rab koob hauv qhov rov qab coj nws mus rau qhov tsis raug.
  3. Koj yuav muaj 7 hli plooj ntawm koj lub ntsej muag. Koj tuaj yeem ua rau nws sib txawv me me - 5-10 hli. Xaws tag nrho cov kab hauv txoj kev no.
  4. Yog tias koj tab tom txuas ob txoj kev txiav, tom qab ntawd quav lawv nrog ob sab sab xis, ua qhov nqaws ntawm sab tsis raug.
  5. Ua kom cov hlua dav dav txaus. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum koj tom qab ntawv xaws nrog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov qauv ua ntej.

Cov hlua khi yuav tsum tau xaws nrog cov xov uas sib txawv ntawm cov xim los ntawm cov ntaub loj. Yog tias koj siv daim ntaub dub, tom qab ntawd siv cov xov dawb thiab rov ua dua.

Xyaum ua kom paub cov txuj ci yooj yim no. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem mus ntxiv, qhia seb lwm hom kev xaws tes muaj nyob.

Cov hlua khi tau ua nrog cov xov ntawm cov xim tib yam li cov ntaub. Muaj kev paub txog nws, koj tuaj yeem xaws tes, tsis tas siv lub tshuab ntaus ntawv. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm kom ua tau zoo, khawm cov xov kom zoo. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, pib nrog ob txoj kab sib dhos me me. Tom ntej no, ua raws lawv ntawm tib kab kab rov tav, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlua thiab qhov nrug ntawm lawv yog qhov loj ib yam.

Basting seam
Basting seam

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xov ntawm qhov kawg, xaws lub nraub qaum. Saib seb nws ua tiav li cas.

Rov qab koob
Rov qab koob
  1. Kuj pib nrog ob txoj hlua sib dhos, tom qab ntawd nqa rab koob mus rau sab xis thiab xaws 5 hli xaws.
  2. Cov koob tig mus rau ntawm qhov tsis raug, xaws ntawm no ib qho txuas ntawm qhov ntev tib yam, nqa rab koob tawm mus rau lub ntsej muag, tho cov ntaub hauv qhov kev coj rov qab nrog nws.
  3. Yog li, ua kom tiav tag nrho kab. Yog tias koj ua nws du thiab zoo, nws yuav zoo li lub tshuab xaws.
  4. Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov ntev rau qhov koj nyiam, ua rau nws luv luv lossis ntev dua me ntsis. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias lawv yog cov loj ib yam.

Yog tias koj tsis muaj overlock, ruaj ntseg cov ntug ntawm lub tsoos tsho uas siv cov xaum overlock. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv yuav tsis ua pob, thiab cov khoom tsim yuav saib zoo ob qho tib si los ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab hauv.

Overcast seam
Overcast seam

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nqis rov qab 5-7 hli los ntawm ntug ntawm cov khoom, koj yuav tsum tau tho cov ntaub ntawm no nrog rab koob, ua kom lub ntsej muag txav nrog koj txhais tes, tom qab ntawd ua raws nraim tib lub plooj, uas yuav zoo ib yam raws li thawj zaug. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv, koj yuav muaj ib qho me me arc ua los ntawm cov xov, uas yuav ua kom zoo nkauj cov npoo ntawm cov khoom. Ua tib txoj hauv kev nrog cov ntawv sib dhos.

Cov no yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm tes xaws uas yuav xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm xaws. Hais txog qhov yuav pib xaws, peb tuaj yeem hais tau tias los ntawm kev cim qhov lawv tau ua. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog lub sijhawm txav mus rau lwm hom kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv ntaub.

Pab cuam nqaws rau cov pib tshiab

Yog tias koj xav tau hloov cov cim los ntawm ib feem mus rau lwm qhov, koj yuav xaws nrog nws los ntawm kev txuas ob kab ntawv no, tom qab ntawd qhib lub seam ntawm lawv. Thiab cov ntsiab lus xav tau yuav pom nyob rau hauv ob yam lus ib zaug.

Luam kab
Luam kab

Hauv daim duab no, daim ntawv theej no, uas tseem hu ua "snares" hauv lwm txoj kev, tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv tus lej 3, thiab hauv qab tus lej 2 - txoj hlua sib txuas. Nws zoo ib yam li basting (Daim duab 1), tab sis qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov xaws yog tsawg dua lawv tus kheej.

Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tus lej 4, kev hloov pauv tau qhia. Nws yog siv los kho cov qauv lossis txuas cov ntu uas muaj cov plaub hau txiav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kev txiav yog khoov rau ntawm qhov ua haujlwm, ua kom nws nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm ntu thib ob. Nyuaj rau hauv qhov chaw no nrog cov pins.

Tom qab ntawd cov khoob no tau raug tshem tawm, ua rau sib sib zog nqus, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov uas yog 2-5 hli.

Hauv qab tus lej 5a 5b muaj cov nqaws rau ua cov ntug ntawm ib feem, xws li nthwv dej, ua kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog ib puag ncig seam. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav nws, koj yuav tsum khoov qhov txiav 3-4 hli mus rau qhov tsis raug, hu 2-3 xov. Txhawm rau ua kom nrawm dua, koj tsis tuaj yeem nruj lawv, tab sis ua nws tom qab 20-30 lossis ntau dua qhov kev sib txuas.

Koj twb paub zoo txog kev xaws khaub ncaws (daim duab 6), saum toj no nws tau hu ua "rab koob rov qab", uas yog tib yam. Kos lwm txoj hauv kev yog hu ua "los ntawm rab koob" (Daim duab 8). Cov txheej txheem rau nws kev siv yog zoo ib yam li lub plooj ib qho, tab sis qhov deb tib yam yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm cov xaws.

Qee qhov tes xaws hauv qab no yuav pab koj ua tiav cov ntug ntawm koj cov khaub ncaws.

Tes xaws rau ntug
Tes xaws rau ntug

Yog tias koj siv daim ntaub nyias nyias, tom qab ntawd qhwv lawv nrog oblique overedge seam hauv cov hlau (Daim duab 1 a). Ntawd yog, ob qho ntug ntawm cov khoom yog ironed hauv ib qho kev taw qhia.

Hom tom ntej ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum tau ironing hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv. Qhov no yog oblique overcasting seam nyob rau hauv flattening (Daim duab 1 b).

Txhawm rau xaws lub khawm khawm (daim duab 2), xaws kab xev xaws ua ntej mus rau ib sab, tom qab ntawd mus rau lwm qhov.

Koj twb paub zoo lawm tias muaj lub pob tawb qis (daim duab 3).

Ib qho ntxiv yog qhib xaws yooj yim (daim duab 4). Tucking tus ntug ntawm cov khoom, qhia cov xov kab pheeb ces kaum, koj yuav hem nws.

Yog li ntawd cov xov tsis pom ntawm sab xub ntiag, ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog ob peb lub fibers los ntawm sab hauv ntawm daim ntaub nrog qhov kawg ntawm rab koob. Nov yog qhov ua kom qhov muag tsis pom qhov muag plooj (daim duab 5).

Txhawm rau kom ua kom zoo thiab zoo nkauj npaj cov hauv qab ntawm cov khoom, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cov pib ua ntej muab nws sib npaug thiab kho nws nrog basting (Daim duab 6), thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd. Ib daim duab hmming seam yuav tso cai rau koj ua rau nws thim rov qab ntawm cov khoom kom cov khoom zoo li txawm tias hla (Daim duab 7).

Cov ntsiab lus xaws

Txiav txim siab lawv yuav pab cov pib nkag siab tias theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhais tau li cas.

  1. Cheb deb - qhov no txhais tau tias txuas ib ntus nrog kev txiav siv cov kab xev yooj yim. Cov nqaws zoo li no tau siv los xaws lawv ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv lossis thaum tsim nyog, tom qab ntawd qhov khoom yuav zoo nyob ntawm tus uas koj tab tom tsim nws.
  2. Sketch tawm - txhais tau tias txhawm rau txhawm rau kho kom zoo nkauj rau lub hauv paus, piv txwv li, caj dab, hnab tshos.
  3. Huab cua - qhov no yog txhawm rau txheej txheem ntawm cov nqaws kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob poob ntawm cov ntaub.
  4. Cheb hauvtxhais tau tias txuas cov ntu raws kab sib npaug. Piv txwv li, xaws lub tes tsho rau hauv lub caj dab, lub dab tshos rau hauv caj dab.
  5. Xaws on - qhov no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau khawm, khawm, khuam khawb ncaws, khawm nrog ob peb txoj hlua.
  6. Hemtxhais tau tias txuas nws cov ntug rau cov khoom siv cov qhov muag tsis pom kev, piv txwv li, hauv qab ntawm lub tsho.
  7. Ua tus nab - qhov no yog txhawm rau xaws nrog tsim cov loops me me ntawm 5-7 hli txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov txoj kab kab los ntawm ib qho ua haujlwm mus rau qhov zoo ib yam thib ob, piv txwv li, txhawm rau qhia lub dart los ntawm lub txee sab laug mus rau sab xis. Cov ntsiab lus no yog siv thaum xaws tes. Thaum siv lub tshuab xaws, koj kuj yuav tsum paub tias qee cov lus txhais li cas.
  8. Plooj - txuas cov kev txiav nrog ib qho yooj yim seam.
  9. Edging - qhov no yog kev ua ntawm ib qho yooj yim seam ntawm cov npoo ntawm ntu. Piv txwv li, hla ob sab nrog chins, thiab sab hauv li qub.
  10. Mus zom, nws txhais tau tias txuas ib feem me me nrog qhov loj dua siv kab. Piv txwv li, xaws hnab ris, gussets, cuffs. Xaws rau cov pib tshiab yuav yooj yim dua yog tias lawv kawm lwm cov ntsiab lus pom hauv kev piav qhia rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom lag luam.
  11. Txiav - qhov no txhais tau tias khoov qhov ntug ntawm ntu thiab xaws nws. Yog li, hauv qab ntawm lub ris, lub tsho, lub tsho yog hemmed.
  12. Khotxhais tau tias ua kom tiav kab ntawm sab xub ntiag, sib luag mus rau ntug ntawm ib feem. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub hnab ntim tau xaws rau lub ris lossis daim tiab, tus quab mus rau lub cev.
  13. Embed, yog tias koj hla lo lus ntawd, koj yuav paub tias koj yuav tsum xaws lub dab tshos rau lub caj dab lossis hauv lub xub pwg ntawm lub tes tsho.
  14. Rip tawm - hlau nws nrog lub tshuab nqus dej thiab xaws ob txoj kab nrog ua tiav ntawm lub ntsej muag nyob rau sab xub ntiag ze ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb.

Tam sim no koj tau paub txog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nqaws, qhov no yuav yooj yim heev thaum koj tsim ntau yam los ntawm ntaub. Cia peb pib nrog qee qhov piv txwv yooj yim. Koj yuav tsum tau xyaum kom kab yog ncaj.

Phuam qhwv caj dab: qhov twg yuav pib xaws

Koj yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo li no nrog koj. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias txoj phuam qhwv caj dab rau tus poj niam tau txiav nrog lace braid lossis dai kom zoo nkauj hauv qhov sib txawv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv rau nws cov ntaub paj rwb ntuj uas nqus tau zoo. Tsis tas li, daim phuam qhwv tuaj yeem yog qhov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj rau tus txiv neej, tom qab ntawd ob hom ntaub yuav tsum tau ua ke.

Txhawm rau xaws daim phuam, siv:

  • txiav ntawm daim ntaub;
  • rab koob;
  • txiab;
  • tus kav;
  • crayon;
  • spool ntawm xov kom phim.
Txiv neej nrog phuam qhwv caj dab hauv tsho loj
Txiv neej nrog phuam qhwv caj dab hauv tsho loj

Tom qab koj tau npaj txhua yam koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm los xaws cov khoom siv zoo nkauj rau koj tus txiv neej uas koj hlub.

Cov ntaub ntawv rau xaws khaub ncaws
Cov ntaub ntawv rau xaws khaub ncaws

Siv tus pas ntsuas los cim lub xwmfab uas xav tau los ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm daim ntaub. Nws tuaj yeem yog daim duab plaub nrog ib sab ntawm 25 txog 43 cm. Tab sis rau tus txiv neej nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa qhov siab tshaj plaws.

Hlau cov npoo ntawm txoj phuam yav tom ntej los ntawm txhua sab mus rau sab tsis raug los ntawm 4 hli. Tuck dua 5 hli, hlau dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntug ntawm cov khoom yuav nyob sab hauv, yog li cov ntaub yuav tsis tawg ntawm qhov txiav. Xaws los ntawm sab tsis raug, sib dhos sib luag rau kab kab.

Ib kauj ruam-ib-kauj ruam hmming ntawm daim phuam
Ib kauj ruam-ib-kauj ruam hmming ntawm daim phuam

Koj tuaj yeem xub muab cov phuam qhwv ob zaug ua ntej, txiav nws nrog cov pins. Thaum koj xaws ib txoj kab, maj mam coj lawv tawm, txhuam lawv rau hauv rab koob. Los ntawm txoj kev, koj yuav xav tau yam khoom no kiag li. Nyeem ntawv kom paub yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau pincushion.

Yog tias tus txiv neej txoj phuam yog koj thawj txoj haujlwm zoo li no, koj tsis tau xaws ib lub tshuab ntaus ntawv ua ntej, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum qhia ntxiv txog qhov no. Maj mam tsa tus taw taw thiab rab koob, txo tus ko taw nias, tom qab ntawd lub tshuab xaws koob siv tes. Xaws rau pem hauv ntej peb txoj hlua, tom qab ntawd teeb tus tswv xeev rau sab nraud, xaws rov qab, yog li ua kom ruaj ntseg pib ntawm kev xaws.

Qhib qhov kawg ntawm daim phuam qhwv caj dab ntawm txhua sab. Txhawm kom ruaj ntseg xov zoo kawg, tseem xaws me ntsis nraub qaum, tom qab ntawd mus tom ntej. Thaum tig lub log, tsa lub koob, tom qab ntawd taw. Txiav cov xov ntawm qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev xaws. Tam sim no koj tau kho nws zoo.

Saib yuav ua li cas quav daim phuam.

Thawj Tswj Hwm quav

Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm daim phuam qhwv caj dab
Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm daim phuam qhwv caj dab

Muab txoj phuam qhwv rau ntawm koj xub ntiag, yob sab laug mus rau sab xis kom khawm nws hauv ib nrab. Khawb txoj phuam tav toj ib yam nkaus. Muab nws tso rau hauv koj lub hnab ris nrog quav quav zoo rau saum.

Ib kauj ruam-ib-qib kev hloov pauv ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm daim phuam
Ib kauj ruam-ib-qib kev hloov pauv ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm daim phuam

Ob fab

Nov yog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau phuam qhwv caj dab siv txoj hauv kev no.

Quav ob lub ces kaum ntawm lub phuam qhwv caj dab
Quav ob lub ces kaum ntawm lub phuam qhwv caj dab

Ua ntej, tseem yob nws ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Tam sim no rub lub kaum hauv qab los ntawm kev tsim daim duab peb sab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tso cov ces kaum sab saud kom qis qis ib leeg pom los ntawm hauv qab nws. Muab nws txoj cai ntug ntawm sab laug tso rau hauv. Tig nws dua, muab nws tso rau hauv koj lub hnab ris kom lub ces kaum sab sauv saib ntawm qhov ntawd.

Ob daim phuam qhwv hauv hnab tshos
Ob daim phuam qhwv hauv hnab tshos

Yog tias koj xav ua poj niam lub phuam qhwv caj dab, tom qab ntawd nws qhov loj me yuav tsum me dua li tus txiv neej. Tom qab koj tau xaws nws ntawm tag nrho plaub sab, sib tshooj nrog daim kab xev me me, xaws nws kom kaw txoj hlua ntawm daim phuam. Yog tias koj xav ua shuttlecocks, tom qab ntawd quav cov quav tom qab qee tus lej. Koj tuaj yeem xub sau cov hlua ntawm txoj xov, nruj, tom qab ntawd xaws ntawm qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj raws ntug ntawm daim phuam.

Nov yog qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau pib xaws rau cov uas tsuas yog kawm paub cov hauv paus ntawm qhov kev nthuav tswv yim no.

Muaj lwm yam yooj yim ua. Yog tias koj xav paub yuav ua li cas khi txoj phuam qhwv caj dab, koj yuav tsum xaws nws ua ntej. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem yuav daim khaub ncaws no, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim los nrhiav txoj phuam qhwv caj dab ntawm qhov loj thiab xim. Yog tias koj nyiam cov ntaub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav nws thiab ua qhov no ntawm koj tus kheej.

Ua ntej khi koj lub caj dab los tsim ib qho, coj:

  • ib daim ntaub ntawm ntaub ntsuas 85 txog 130 cm;
  • txiab;
  • xov nrog rab koob;
  • tshuab xaws;
  • hlau;
  • centimeter daim kab xev;
  • crayon.

Tom qab koj tau txiav cov ntaub rau cov cim uas xav tau, quav nws hauv ib nrab los ua ib qho trapezoid nrog sab ntawm 85, 65, 85 thiab 45 cm.

Npuag ntaub
Npuag ntaub

Hauv qhov no, sab pem hauv ntej yuav sab hauv, thiab sab tsis raug sab nraud. Tau thim rov qab 5 hli, xaws los ntawm peb sab, dhau ntawm plaub, luv tshaj, koj yuav tsum tig cov haujlwm no mus rau sab xub ntiag. Tam sim no ntsaws cov ntug ntawm lub qhov no sab hauv los ntawm 7 hli, rov qab los ntawm ntug ntawm 5 hli, xaws qhov no.

Tom ntej no, quav hla qhov ntug 14cm, plooj ntawm no.

Xaws ntaub rau txoj phuam
Xaws ntaub rau txoj phuam

Peb yuav ua kom nruj nruj. Dhau ob txoj xov los ntawm rab koob nrog lub qhov muag tuab, quav nws ib nrab, thiab khi ib lub hauv caug. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, koj muaj plaub txoj hlua. Xaws raws lub tshuab kab ntawm ob txhais tes los ntawm ib kawg mus rau lwm qhov, tab sis tib lub sijhawm sim tsis txhob hlais txoj phuam hla, rub xov.

Contraction seam
Contraction seam

Txhawm rau txhim kho txoj phuam qhwv caj dab hauv txoj haujlwm no yam tsis txiav txoj hlua nruj no, xaws hauv qhov kev coj rov qab. Ceev ntawm no dua.

Dhau tus pas ntsuas sab hauv kab hlau tsim. Xaws ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm ib sab ntawm cov loops no, ntxiv rau hauv nruab nrab, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd txiav cov xov.

Ruler hauv drawstring
Ruler hauv drawstring

Nov yog yuav ua li cas txoj phuam qhwv caj dab tawm.

Neckerchief
Neckerchief

Koj tuaj yeem hnav nws hauv txoj kev sib txawv, hloov pauv koj tus kheej thiab koj cov khaub ncaws. Saib yuav ua li cas khi txoj phuam siv ntau txoj hauv kev.

Yuav muab daim phuam qhwv li cas
Yuav muab daim phuam qhwv li cas

Tom qab hla lub dav dav los ntawm lub voj, ncaj los yog tawm ib kawg dawb.

Qhov kev xaiv thib ob rau kev hnav ib txoj phuam
Qhov kev xaiv thib ob rau kev hnav ib txoj phuam

Thiab yog tias koj lo tsuas yog lub kaum me me rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv, koj tuaj yeem, los ntawm kev nthuav tawm qhov loj, txo qis kom pom txhua qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm txoj phuam qhwv caj dab.

Qhov kev xaiv thib peb rau hnav ib txoj phuam
Qhov kev xaiv thib peb rau hnav ib txoj phuam

Tsis tas li, lub kaum sab xis loj no tuaj yeem ua rau sab nraub qaum, ua piv txwv, kom npog sab nraum qab ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws yav tsaus ntuj rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, lossis yooj yim los kho kom zoo nkauj turtleneck. Teem lub caj dab nrog flounces pem hauv ntej.

Qhov kev xaiv thib plaub rau hnav ib txoj phuam
Qhov kev xaiv thib plaub rau hnav ib txoj phuam

Koj tuaj yeem muab qhov sib npaug rau ntawm ntug loj ntawm lub phuam qhwv caj dab uas yog rov qab rau lub voj, ncaj nws kom tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig no.

Qhov kev xaiv thib tsib rau kev hnav ib txoj phuam
Qhov kev xaiv thib tsib rau kev hnav ib txoj phuam

Txhawm rau paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov ncauj lus thov, saib cov vis dis aus, uas qhia txog hom tshuab nqaws.

Rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsim lub txaj teeb, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub linen.

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